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Amendments

The Constitution has been amended 106 times since 1951. Each point on the timeline links to the amendment's page; the list below it carries the same links for reading.

1960197019801990200020102020Amendment 1, 1951: The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951Amendment 2, 1952: The Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1952Amendment 3, 1954: The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1954Amendment 4, 1955: The Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955Amendment 5, 1955: The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1955Amendment 6, 1956: The Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1956Amendment 7, 1956: The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956Amendment 8, 1960: The Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1960Amendment 9, 1960: The Constitution (Ninth Amendment) Act, 1960Amendment 10, 1961: The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1961Amendment 11, 1961: The Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1961Amendment 12, 1961: The Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1961Amendment 13, 1962: The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1962Amendment 14, 1962: The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962Amendment 15, 1963: The Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963Amendment 16, 1963: The Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963Amendment 17, 1964: The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964Amendment 18, 1966: The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 1966Amendment 19, 1966: The Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966Amendment 20, 1966: The Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966Amendment 21, 1967: The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967Amendment 22, 1969: The Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 1969Amendment 23, 1969: The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969Amendment 24, 1971: The Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971Amendment 25, 1971: The Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971Amendment 26, 1971: The Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971Amendment 27, 1971: The Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1971Amendment 28, 1972: The Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972Amendment 29, 1972: The Constitution (Twenty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1972Amendment 30, 1972: The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972Amendment 31, 1973: The Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act, 1973Amendment 32, 1973: The Constitution (Thirty-second Amendment) Act, 1973Amendment 33, 1974: The Constitution (Thirty-third Amendment) Act, 1974Amendment 34, 1974: The Constitution (Thirty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1974Amendment 35, 1974: The Constitution (Thirty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1974Amendment 36, 1975: The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975Amendment 37, 1975: The Constitution (Thirty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1975Amendment 38, 1975: The Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1975Amendment 39, 1975: The Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1975Amendment 40, 1976: The Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976Amendment 41, 1976: The Constitution (Forty-first Amendment) Act, 1976Amendment 42, 1976: The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976Amendment 43, 1977: The Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977Amendment 44, 1978: The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978Amendment 45, 1980: The Constitution (Forty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1980Amendment 46, 1982: The Constitution (Forty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1982Amendment 47, 1984: The Constitution (Forty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1984Amendment 48, 1984: The Constitution (Forty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1984Amendment 49, 1984: The Constitution (Forty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1984Amendment 50, 1984: The Constitution (Fiftieth Amendment) Act, 1984Amendment 51, 1984: The Constitution (Fifty-first Amendment) Act, 1984Amendment 52, 1985: The Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985Amendment 53, 1986: The Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986Amendment 54, 1986: The Constitution (Fifty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1986Amendment 55, 1986: The Constitution (Fifty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1986Amendment 56, 1987: The Constitution (Fifty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1987Amendment 57, 1987: The Constitution (Fifty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1987Amendment 58, 1987: The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987Amendment 59, 1988: The Constitution (Fifty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1988Amendment 60, 1988: The Constitution (Sixtieth Amendment) Act, 1988Amendment 61, 1988: The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988Amendment 62, 1989: The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Act, 1989Amendment 63, 1989: The Constitution (Sixty-third Amendment) Act, 1989Amendment 64, 1990: The Constitution (Sixty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1990Amendment 65, 1990: The Constitution (Sixty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1990Amendment 66, 1990: The Constitution (Sixty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1990Amendment 67, 1990: The Constitution (Sixty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1990Amendment 68, 1991: The Constitution (Sixty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1991Amendment 69, 1991: The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991Amendment 70, 1992: The Constitution (Seventieth Amendment) Act, 1992Amendment 71, 1992: The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992Amendment 72, 1992: The Constitution (Seventy-second Amendment) Act, 1992Amendment 73, 1992: The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992Amendment 74, 1992: The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992Amendment 75, 1993: The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act, 1993Amendment 76, 1994: The Constitution (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994Amendment 77, 1995: The Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995Amendment 78, 1995: The Constitution (Seventy-eighth Amendment) Act, 1995Amendment 79, 1999: The Constitution (Seventy-ninth Amendment) Act, 1999Amendment 80, 2000: The Constitution (Eightieth Amendment) Act, 2000Amendment 81, 2000: The Constitution (Eighty-first Amendment) Act, 2000Amendment 82, 2000: The Constitution (Eighty-second Amendment) Act, 2000Amendment 83, 2000: The Constitution (Eighty-third Amendment) Act, 2000Amendment 84, 2001: The Constitution (Eighty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2001Amendment 85, 2001: The Constitution (Eighty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2001Amendment 86, 2002: The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002Amendment 87, 2003: The Constitution (Eighty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2003Amendment 88, 2003: The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003Amendment 89, 2003: The Constitution (Eighty-ninth Amendment) Act, 2003Amendment 90, 2003: The Constitution (Ninetieth Amendment) Act, 2003Amendment 91, 2003: The Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003Amendment 92, 2003: The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003Amendment 93, 2005: The Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005Amendment 94, 2006: The Constitution (Ninety-fourth Amendment) Act, 2006Amendment 95, 2009: The Constitution (Ninety-fifth Amendment) Act, 2009Amendment 96, 2011: The Constitution (Ninety-sixth Amendment) Act, 2011Amendment 97, 2011: The Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011Amendment 98, 2012: The Constitution (Ninety-eighth Amendment) Act, 2012Amendment 99, 2014: The Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, 2014Amendment 100, 2015: The Constitution (One hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015Amendment 101, 2016: The Constitution (One hundred and first Amendment) Act, 2016Amendment 102, 2018: The Constitution (One hundred and second Amendment) Act, 2018Amendment 103, 2019: The Constitution (One hundred and third Amendment) Act, 2019Amendment 104, 2019: The Constitution (One hundred and fourth Amendment) Act, 2019Amendment 105, 2021: The Constitution (One hundred and fifth Amendment) Act, 2021Amendment 106, 2023: The Constitution (One hundred and sixth Amendment) Act, 2023
  • Rights
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  1. 19511.Enabled special provisions for socially and educationally backward classes and shielded land reform laws from challenge under fundamental rights.
  2. 19522.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  3. 19543.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  4. 19554.Changed the text of 3 articles in the consolidated text.
  5. 19555.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  6. 19566.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  7. 19567.Reorganised states and abolished the four fold classification of states, creating the union territory framework.
  8. 19608.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  9. 19609.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  10. 196110.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  11. 196111.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  12. 196112.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  13. 196213.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  14. 196214.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  15. 196315.Changed the text of 8 articles in the consolidated text.
  16. 196316.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  17. 196417.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  18. 196618.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  19. 196619.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  20. 196620.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  21. 196721.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  22. 196922.Changed the text of 3 articles in the consolidated text.
  23. 196923.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  24. 197124.Declared that Parliament may amend any provision of the Constitution, including fundamental rights, through Article 368.
  25. 197125.Curtailed the fundamental right to property and widened protection for directive principles over property rights.
  26. 197126.Abolished the privy purses and privileges of the former rulers of princely states.
  27. 197127.Changed the text of 3 articles in the consolidated text.
  28. 197228.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  29. 197229.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  30. 197230.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  31. 197331.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  32. 197332.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  33. 197433.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  34. 197434.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  35. 197435.Changed the text of 3 articles in the consolidated text.
  36. 197536.Changed the text of 4 articles in the consolidated text.
  37. 197537.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  38. 197538.Changed the text of 6 articles in the consolidated text.
  39. 197539.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  40. 197640.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  41. 197641.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  42. 197642.The mini Constitution: inserted Socialist, Secular, and Integrity into the Preamble, curtailed judicial review, extended the Lok Sabha term, and added fundamental duties.
  43. 197743.Changed the text of 8 articles in the consolidated text.
  44. 197844.Undid much of the 42nd Amendment: property became an ordinary legal right, Article 31 was omitted, and judicial review was restored.
  45. 198045.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  46. 198246.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  47. 198447.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  48. 198448.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  49. 198449.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  50. 198450.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  51. 198451.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  52. 198552.Defined disqualification of legislators on the ground of defection through the Tenth Schedule.
  53. 198653.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  54. 198654.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  55. 198655.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  56. 198756.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  57. 198757.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  58. 198758.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  59. 198859.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  60. 198860.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  61. 198861.Lowered the voting age for Lok Sabha and assembly elections from 21 to 18.
  62. 198962.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  63. 198963.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  64. 199064.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  65. 199065.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  66. 199066.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  67. 199067.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  68. 199168.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  69. 199169.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  70. 199270.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  71. 199271.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  72. 199272.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  73. 199273.Constitutionalised Panchayati Raj with three tier panchayats, reservations for women and Scheduled Castes and Tribes, and the Eleventh Schedule.
  74. 199274.Constitutionalised urban local governments and added the Twelfth Schedule.
  75. 199375.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  76. 199476.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  77. 199577.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  78. 199578.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  79. 199979.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  80. 200080.Changed the text of 3 articles in the consolidated text.
  81. 200081.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  82. 200082.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  83. 200083.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  84. 200184.Changed the text of 6 articles in the consolidated text.
  85. 200185.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  86. 200286.Made free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen a fundamental right.
  87. 200387.Changed the text of 4 articles in the consolidated text.
  88. 200388.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  89. 200389.Changed the text of 2 articles in the consolidated text.
  90. 200390.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  91. 200391.Changed the text of 3 articles in the consolidated text.
  92. 200392.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  93. 200593.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  94. 200694.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  95. 200995.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  96. 201196.No article level changes are tracked in the consolidated text for this amendment; see the amending Act for its full scope.
  97. 201197.Gave constitutional status to co operative societies.
  98. 201298.Changed the text of 1 article in the consolidated text.
  99. 201499.Created the National Judicial Appointments Commission for judicial appointments; the Commission was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015.
  100. 2015100.Gave effect to the land boundary agreement between India and Bangladesh.
  101. 2016101.Introduced the Goods and Services Tax with a GST Council shared between the Union and the states.
  102. 2018102.Gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes.
  103. 2019103.Enabled up to ten per cent reservation for economically weaker sections in education and public employment.
  104. 2019104.Extended reservation for Scheduled Castes and Tribes and ended the nomination of Anglo Indians to legislatures.
  105. 2021105.Restored states' power to identify Other Backward Classes for reservation.
  106. 2023106.The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam: reserves one third of seats for women in the Lok Sabha, state assemblies, and the Delhi assembly.